Adjustable locking mount and methods of use

ABSTRACT

An adjustable locking mount system permits rotation about at least one of x, y, and z axes. Methods provide for rotating and rocking the mount to obtain the desired position, fixing the mount in the desired position, and mounting an object onto the mount.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This nonprovisional utility patent application claims the benefitof one or more prior filed copending nonprovisional applications; areference to each such prior application is identified as therelationship of the applications and application number (seriescode/serial number): The present application is a Continuation-In-Partof application Ser. No. 10/041,707, which is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] This invention generally relates to adjustable mounting devices.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Adjustable mounting devices are commonly employed to mount oneobject or device onto another object, device, or structure. Typically,the position of the mount needs to be adjusted until the desiredposition is achieved. The desired position can then be secured bylocking the device in the position, e.g., by tightening a screw.

[0004] However, conventional adjustable mounts provide a limited rangeof adjustment. Further, even upon locking the device in a desiredposition, conventional mounts may not hold the desired position. This isespecially true when force is exerted upon the mounted object, e.g.,hammering or striking the object to secure it on the mount.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The invention provides an adjustable mount that permits a widerange of adjustment along or about multiple axes. The invention alsoprovides an adjustable mount that makes possible a straightforward, yetrobust way of securing the device in a desired position and maintainingthe device in that desired position. The invention is applicable for usein diverse environments, including the medical field.

[0006] One aspect of the invention provides an adjustable mount assemblyand related methods comprising a mount defining a mounting surfacecarried by a pivot surface for movement relative to at least one of anx-axis, a y-axis, and a z-axis, where the z-axis is the axis of thepivot surface. The invention further comprises a locking mechanismconfigured to free the mount for movement and to restrain the mountagainst movement.

[0007] Another aspect of the invention provides an adjustable mountassembly and related methods comprising a mount defining a mountingsurface carried for movement relative to a support. The inventionfurther comprises a locking mechanism comprising a series of stackedwashers to free the mount for movement and to restrain the mount againstmovement.

[0008] Yet another aspect of the invention provides a multi-laminaeadjustable mount assembly device composed of at least two mountingcomponents, each with a mounting area, a respective series of stacked,compressible laminae, at least two compressor laminae compressible inopposition, and a compression device; wherein the stacked laminae seriesare interleaved and the compression device compresses the stacked,interleaved laminae, and the relative movement of the at least twomounting components is permitted in at least one of the three axes ofmovement when the laminae series are in an uncompressed state.

[0009] A single mount can be used to mount an object or device indiverse environments, e.g., to mount an audio speaker.

[0010] A plurality of mounts can be coupled together along anorientation axis to form an articulated mounting assembly. Theorientation axis can be linear or curvilinear. Each mount can have apivot axis either along or transverse to the orientation axis. Amounting assembly can be used in diverse environments, e.g., to mount aseries of objects or devices, such as lights.

[0011] Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide anexternal fixation device for biomedical applications having a compositemounting assembly affixable at an exterior portion of a body forreleasably securable mounting at least two mounting assemblies, whereinat least one of the assemblies includes a multi-laminae adjustable mountassembly, including at least two mounting components; each with amounting area; the movement of each mounting component constrained by arespective series of stacked, compressible laminae; at least twocompressor laminae compressible in opposition; and a compression device;wherein the stacked laminae series are interleaved and the compressiondevice compresses the stacked, interleaved laminae.

[0012] Methods provide for rotating or rocking the mount to obtain thedesired position. The methods further provide for securing the mount inthe desired position and mounting an object on the mount.

[0013] Other features and advantages of the inventions are set forth inthe following specification and attached drawings.

DEFINITIONS

[0014] Lamina—A thin plate, sheet, or layer.

[0015] Laminate—consisting of or arranged in laminae.

[0016] Platyplanar—flat planar shaped

[0017] Curviplane—curved or arched planar shaped

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018]FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the components of an adjustablelocking mount system that embodies features of the invention, in whichthe mounting hub is centric.

[0019]FIG. 2 is an assembled perspective view of the system shown inFIG. 1.

[0020]FIG. 3a is a side sectional view of the assembled components ofthe system shown in FIG. 2.

[0021]FIG. 3b is a view similar to FIG. 3a and illustrating thespherical radii of the stacked washers.

[0022]FIGS. 4a-4 e illustrate rotational movement of the cooperatingcomponents of the assembled system shown in FIG. 2.

[0023]FIG. 5a is a side sectional view of the assembled components ofthe system shown in FIG. 3 and illustrating the system components in alevel position.

[0024]FIG. 5b is a sectional view as shown in FIG. 5a, illustrating theposition of the system components and the movement of the mounting huband lock washer when the mounting hub is rotated about the x or y-axis.

[0025]FIG. 5c is a sectional view as shown in FIG. 5b, illustrating theprocedure of locking the system in a desired position.

[0026]FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the components of an alternativeembodiment of an adjustable locking mount system that embodies featuresof the invention, in which the mounting hub is eccentric.

[0027]FIG. 7 is an assembled perspective view of the system shown inFIG. 6.

[0028]FIG. 8 is side sectional view of the assembled components of thesystem shown in FIG. 7.

[0029]FIGS. 9a-9 e illustrate rotational movement of the cooperatingcomponents of the assembled system shown in FIG. 7.

[0030]FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the components of an alternativeembodiment of an adjustable locking mount system that embodies featuresof the invention.

[0031]FIG. 11 is an assembled perspective view of assembled componentsof the system shown in FIG. 10.

[0032]FIG. 12 is side sectional view of the assembled components of thesystem shown in FIG. 11.

[0033]FIG. 13 is an exploded view of an alternative embodiment of anadjustable locking mount system that embodies features of the invention.

[0034]FIG. 14 is an assembled perspective view of the system shown inFIG. 13.

[0035]FIG. 15 is side sectional view of the assembled components of thesystem in FIG. 13.

[0036]FIGS. 16a-16 c illustrate movement of the cooperating parts of theassembled system shown in FIG. 14.

[0037]FIGS. 17a-17 d illustrate various embodiments of compositemounting assemblies embodying features of the invention.

[0038]FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a wall, and illustrating anadjustable locking mount that embodies features of the invention mountedonto the wall and further illustrating a stereo speaker to be mounted onthe mount.

[0039]FIG. 19 is view similar to FIG. 18 and illustrating the speakermounted on the mount.

[0040]FIG. 20 is a view similar to FIG. 19 and illustrating the positionof the speaker being adjusted by rocking and rotational movement.

[0041]FIG. 21 is a perspective view of an adjustable mount assembly thatembodies features of the present invention, in which the stacked laminaeare platyplanar, rectangular, and with no guide.

[0042]FIG. 22 is a cut-away side view of the adjustable mount assemblyof FIG. 1.

[0043]FIG. 23 is a perspective view of an adjustable mount assembly thatembodies features of the present invention, in which the stacked laminaeare planar, rectangular, and with no guide, and the assembly includes 3mounting components with respective stacked laminae.

[0044]FIG. 24 is a cut-away perspective view of an adjustable mountassembly that embodies features of the present invention, in which thestacked laminae are platyplanar, rectangular, and with a guide.

[0045]FIG. 25 is a side transparent view of an adjustable mount assemblythat embodies features of the present invention, in which the stackedlaminae are curviplanar in one dimension (semi-cylindrical).

[0046]FIG. 26 is a transparent perspective view of another adjustablemount assembly that embodies features of the present invention, in whichthe stacked laminae are curviplanar in 1 dimension (fully cylindrical).

[0047]FIG. 27 is an assembled view of the adjustable mount assembly ofFIG. 26 without the compression device in which the mounting componentsare partially telescoped together.

[0048]FIG. 28 is a perspective view of an adjustable mount assembly thatembodies features of the present invention, in which the stacked laminaeare curviplanar in two dimensions (semi-spherical).

[0049]FIG. 29 is an exploded view of FIG. 28.

[0050]FIG. 30 is a cut-away view of FIG. 29.

[0051]FIG. 31 is an assembled view of FIG. 30.

[0052]FIG. 32 is a perspective, transparent view of an adjustable mountsystem composed of 3 adjustable mount assemblies according to thepresent invention.

[0053]FIG. 33 is a perspective, cut-away view of an adjustable mountsystem composed of 3 adjustable mount assemblies according to thepresent invention.

[0054]FIG. 34 is a perspective disassembled view of one series ofstacked laminae according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] Although the disclosure hereof is detailed and exact to enablethose skilled in the art to practice the invention, the physicalembodiments herein disclosed merely exemplify the invention that may beembodied in other specific structure. While the preferred embodiment hasbeen described, the details may be changed without departing from theinvention, which is defined by the claims.

[0056] In the following description, like reference characters designatelike or corresponding parts throughout the several views. Also in thefollowing description, it is to be understood that such terms as“forward,” “rearward,” “front,” “back,” “right,” “left,” “upwardly,”“downwardly,” and the like are words of convenience and are not to beconstrued as limiting terms.

[0057] Referring now to the drawings in general, the illustrations arefor the purpose of describing a preferred embodiment of the inventionand are not intended to limit the invention thereto. As best seen inFIG. 21, the present invention, generally described as 10, comprises amulti-laminae adjustable mount assembly. As shown in FIG. 21, thepresent invention includes at least two (2) mounting components 110 and111 with respective mounting area 124. The mounting areas are providedfor mounting an object, such as moveable object to be positioned or astationary support. Alternatively, the object can be integral with themounting-component (not shown); that is, a mounting component andmounted object are manufactured as a single unit. The mounting area canalso be eccentric, which provides greater adjustment range for themounted object, as described herein and shown in FIG. 6.

[0058] At least two mounting-components are necessary for an embodimentof the invention. Embodiments with three (3) or more mounting-componentsare also within the scope of the present invention and described herein.For example, FIG. 23 shows an embodiment according to the presentinvention with 3 mounting-components.

[0059] The at least two mounting components are each in contact with andconstrained by a respective series of stacked, compressible laminae 115.The laminae constrain relative movement of their respective component,such that immobilization of a laminae series will immobilize therespective mounting component.

[0060] This constraint can be provided by a permanent physicalconnection between the component and its laminae series or by a fitconstraint between the component and the laminae series. In the case ofa permanent physical connection, the component and laminae series may bemanufactured from a single piece or may be bonded together, such as bygluing or welding, at a later time. In the case of a fit constraint, thecomponent and respective laminae series are designed to fit togethersuch that relative movement between the components is non-existent orinsignificant when the system is fixed in a position. An example of asystem with fit constraint of two components is shown in FIG. 10. Inthis system, the first component 18 and first stacked series of laminae16 are not permanently joined, but are independent. However, theoctagonal shape of the interior circumference of the first component andcomplementary shape of the exterior circumference of the laminae and thetolerances between these two parts are such that the first componentwill not move significantly when the first stacked laminae series areimmobilized. Likewise, the second component 35 and second stacked seriesof laminae 14 are not permanently joined, but are independent, and thehexagonal shape and diameters of the central hole in the laminae seriesand the complementary shape and exterior diameter of the secondcomponent are such that the component does not move significantly in theplane of the laminae. Thus, rotation around the z-axis is prevented orreduced by providing at least one flat, or non-circular, contact surfacebetween the mounting components and their respective laminae stacks,making the perimeter of the lamina non-circular. In the embodiment ofFIG. 10, the octagonal shape of the laminae series prevents rotationaround the z-axis. The tolerances should be appropriate for theapplication to prevent excessive movement. For example, in theembodiment of FIG. 10, the tolerance between the mounting component 22and the laminae stacks 16 is approximately {fraction (2/1000)} inchesfor applications such as mounting stereo speakers and otherapplications, as will be understood by one of ordinary skill in therelevant art.

[0061] Stacked laminae series are interleaved, preferably in analternating fashion, such that when the series are compressed, thesurfaces of each contact one another, creating static frictionsufficient to prevent the series from moving relative to one another,thereby immobilizing the series relative to one another. The mountingcomponents and any objects immovably mounted to the mounting componentswill also thereby be immobilized relative to one another.

[0062] The total stacked laminae can be as few as three or as many asdesired. In the case of three laminae, the exterior laminae are alsocompressor laminae, as described below. The number of laminae necessaryis determined by the surface area and physical nature of the laminaesurfaces and the total static friction or holding strength desired.

[0063] The laminae can be a variety of planar shapes that permit them toslide with respect to one another when in close proximity to oneanother. The laminae may be flat planes, or platyplanar, as shown inFIGS. 13, 21, 22, 23, and 24, or curved planes, or curviplanar, as shownin FIGS. 25 through 31. The curviplanar laminae can be curved in onedimension, as shown in FIGS. 25 through 27, or in two dimensions, asshown in FIGS. 28 through 31.

[0064] Platyplanar laminae restrict movement to translational movementin the x and y dimensions. Curviplanar laminae allow rotation around atleast one axis. For example, when curviplanar laminae that are curvedalong the x-axis are moved along the x-axis, the laminae and mountingcomponents rotate around the y-axis. Laminae that are curviplanar inboth dimensions, as shown in FIGS. 1 through 12 28 through 31, that isalong the x- and y-axes, form a semi-spherical shape and permit rotationaround the x-, y-, and z-axes simultaneously. Circular platyplanarlaminae, as shown in FIG. 13, also permit rotation around the z-axis.

[0065] The laminae surface characteristics can be varied to suit anapplication. For example, smooth surfaces on all laminae surfaces wouldallow the device to be finely adjusted by releasing the compressionpressure only slightly. That is, the difference in separation betweenlaminae between an immobile and mobile state is small with respect toother types of surfaces. Rough surfaces would require much greaterseparation of the laminae to allow an adjustment. Embodiments that haveopposing surface that are rough, such as sandpaper, and deformable, suchas plastics, would lock into place and would not slip without muchgreater separation than a comparable assembly with smooth surfaces. Suchan assembly would therefore tend to remain locked in place with a largerrelease of the compression pressure and separation of the laminae. Thischaracteristic would be desirable, for example, for devices that aresubject to significant forces during use but are not frequentlymonitored.

[0066] The present invention also includes at least two compressorlaminae 114. The compressor laminae 114 are positioned in opposition ina compressible arrangement, such that they compress the stacked laminawhen the compression device is activated. Compressor laminae aredistinguished from stacking laminae in that they are designed such thatthe compression forces are generally evenly distributed over the surfaceof the compressor laminae onto the stacked laminae. They may alsoinclude a mechanism that allows them to be forced together by acompression device. For example, as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, the firstcompressor lamina 117 has a greater thickness and a smaller central holethan the stacking laminae to more evenly distribute the forces ofcompression exerted on it by the compression device 120 onto the laminaestacks. The second compressor lamina 118 is also similarly reinforcedand includes a threaded portion (not shown) to receive the threaded endof a compressor device (119) such that the compression device 120 canforce it towards or away from the first compressor lamina when thecompression device is activated or released, respectively.

[0067] The functions of the compressor laminae may be integrated intoone or more of the components of the assembly. For example, as shown inFIG. 24, the functions of one of the compressor laminae, compressorforce distribution and opposition to the first compressor lamina, areperformed by the second mounting component 111.

[0068] Alternately, the compressor laminae may be integrated into asingle compressor lamina, as shown in FIG. 26. In this case, the singlecompressor lamina is able to perform the function of compressing thestacks because the stacks are curved into a cylinder.

[0069] Compression of the stacks is achieved by a compression device,shown as 20 in FIGS. 13 and 120 in FIGS. 21 through 26. The compressiondevice exerts a force that forces the two compressor laminae together,compressing the stacks positioned between them.

[0070] A multitude of mechanisms can be used by the compression deviceto achieve this compression. For example, screw-based devices,ratchet-based devices, piston, spring-loaded, pneumatic or air-actuated,hydraulic devices and the like can be used to exert the compressionforce. Because the device is able to deliver a large amount of staticfriction per unit of compression pressure, the device can utilizecompression mechanisms that may not be acceptable for other types ofadjustable mounting devices because they do not deliver sufficientforce.

[0071] The compression device can be external to the laminae or includean internal connector that connects the compressor laminae or theirequivalent by passing through the laminae.

[0072] For example, a C-clamp or similar may be used as an externalcompression device. An example of a device with an internal connector isshown in FIG. 21. In this embodiment, the compression device 120 is aninternal bolt slipped through a first compressor lamina 114 and threadedinto the second compressor lamina 114. The internal bolt can be turnedto force the two compressor laminae together, thereby compressing theintervening stacks 115 and 116.

[0073] As demonstrated in FIG. 21, an internal connector compressiondevice requires that the stacking laminae have a hole that allows thebolt to pass through. To achieve relative linear movement of the twomounting components, this hole is enlarged in the dimension of thedesired movement in at least one of the laminae series to allow thelaminae and mounting components to slide along this axis of movement.

[0074] In the case of multi-axial translation or movement, that is,translation along more than one axis of the laminae plane, as can occurin the embodiment shown in FIG. 29, the holes in the stacked laminaeassociated with the second component 116 are enlarged in all thedimensions necessary to allow the internal bolt to move through thedesired range of movement. In this example the hole is enlarged along360 degrees.

[0075] The device may further include a guidance mechanism or guide tokeep the laminae stacks in a certain alignment relative to one another.For example, as seen in FIG. 24, the first component 110 includes a sidebarrier 126 that functions as a guide to keep the laminae stacks of thefirst and second component aligned along the axis of movement X-X. Thisguidance mechanism may also be integrated into the mounting component,as shown in FIGS. 24 through 31.

[0076] Alternatively or additionally, the guidance mechanism may beintegrated into the stacked laminae. For example, in an assembly inwhich relative component movement is limited to translation along asingle axis, the laminae can incorporate a design, such as a nestedtongue-in-groove design in which each lamina contains a tongue featureon one side and a corresponding or complementary groove feature on theopposite side, such that the laminae stack in a complementary mannerwith both adjacent laminae, and the tongues and grooves are orientedparallel to the axis of translation to permit translation along thataxis.

[0077] Structural rigidity and strength can also be integrated into thelaminae via alternative designs. For example, the laminae may include alongitudinal fold 127 or ridge, as shown in FIG. 34, to provide strengthalong the translation axis of the stacks. This design example utilizesthe increased bending resistance and/or stiffness conferred by theincorporation of an angle, an arch, planar discontinuity or otherstackable surface relief into the laminae to provide more structuralrigidity and strength to the assembly. The longitudinal fold may be asingle longitudinal fold or a multiplicity of longitudinal folds.

[0078] An assembly according to the present invention provides anadjustable mount with low torque and compression pressure needed toimmobilize it because of the high static friction generated by theinterleaved stacks. Such a system, which provides high static frictionper unit compression pressure, is advantageous for several reasons.Because the present invention generates a high holding strength per unitcompression pressure, lower compression pressures are used, therebycausing no permanent deformation of components to achieve holdingstrength. The static friction generated per unit torque is greater thanthe possible errant torque applied, thereby allowing the assembly to beimmobilized prior to the exertion of high torque, which preventsslipping of the components relative to one another if the torque appliedis not applied in a balanced, symmetrical manner. Also, because thepresent invention has a high holding strength per unit volume, devicesaccording to the present invention are more compact relative to priorart embodiments.

[0079] Thus, the invention provides a multi-laminae adjustable mountassembly device composed of at least two mounting components, each witha mounting area, a respective series of stacked, compressible laminae,at least two compressor laminae compressible in opposition, and acompression device; wherein the stacked laminae series are interleavedand the compression device compresses the stacked, interleaved laminae,and the relative movement of the at least two mounting components ispermitted in at least one of the three axes of movement when the laminaeseries are in an uncompressed state. Such a system provides anadjustable mount assembly that has a high holding strength per unit ofcompression pressure, high holding strength per unit of mass and volume,low immobilization compression pressure, and causes no permanentdeformation of compressed components to achieve holding strength.

DESIGN EXAMPLE(S)

[0080] The following section sets forth a few preferred embodimentsillustrative of an adjustable mounting system according to the presentinvention.

[0081] I. The Adjustable Locking Mount System

[0082] A. System 1: Interior Hub Centrally Located with Respect toMounting Surface

[0083]FIG. 1 shows the individual components of an adjustable lockingmounting system 10A. FIGS. 2 and 3a illustrate the system 10A whenassembled. As will be described in detail later, the system 10A permitsadjustment in three directions or three degrees of freedom (rotationalaround axes x, y, and z, where the z-axis is represented by the axis ofthe pivot pin 12) (see FIGS. 4a-4 e). The system 10A comprises the pivotpin 12, at least one slip washer 14, at least one lock washer 16, amounting hub 18, and a locking screw 20. Each of these components of thesystem 10A will now be described in detail.

[0084] 1. System Components

[0085] As seen in FIG. 1, the pivot pin 12 is a rigid, generallycylindrical or rod-like member. The pivot pin 12 is convex, e.g., domed,at one end to couple with the mounting hub 18 (see, e.g., FIG. 3a). In arepresentative embodiment, the arc of curvature is 0.400″ diameter(0.200″ radius).

[0086] In particular, the convex arrangement permits adjustment of themounting hub 18 by swinging or tilting across the axis of the pivot pin12 (i.e., rotation about the x-axis and y-axis) as well as by rotatingor twisting about the axis of the pivot pin 12 (i.e., rotation about thez-axis) (see FIGS. 4a-4 e).

[0087] As best seen in FIGS. 1 and 3, the pivot pin 12 has a threadedcentral bore 26 that serves to receive the locking screw 20. Thus, thepivot pin 12 serves to receive both the mounting hub 18 and the lockingscrew 20 (see FIG. 3a).

[0088] The pivot pin 12 can be made of suitable metal, plastic, orceramic materials and formed by conventional molding or machiningtechniques.

[0089] As shown in FIG. 1, the mounting hub 18 is a rigid membercomprising a mounting surface 24, an interior hub 22, and an exteriorpivot surface 28. The center of the mounting hub 18 serves to receivethe locking screw 20.

[0090] The mounting surface 24 is configured to mate with an object ordevice being mounted on the hub and therefore can take on a variety ofshapes. Thus, the mounting hub 18 serves as a base for mounting ofanother object or device. For example, the mounting surface 24 can becircular or geometric. In the illustrated embodiment, the mountingsurface 24 is generally circular.

[0091] Additionally, the mounting surface 24 can be stepped to furtheraid in positioning and securing the object or device on the mountingsurface 24 (not shown). In this arrangement, the object or device beingmounted would have a complementary stepped surface. The stepped surfaceprovides greater control of any adjustment by permitting adjustment tobe in uniform increments and reducing the risk of inadvertent movement.The mounting surface 24 could alternatively be a threaded surface tofacilitate engagement with a mating part.

[0092] As best illustrated in FIG. 1, the interior hub 22 is open. Thebottom surface of the interior hub 22 is configured to conform to theshape of the convex end of the pivot pin 12 and sized to receive theslip washer(s) 14 and lock washer(s) 16. That is, the interior hub 22permits a slip washer 14 and lock washer 16, or multiple slip washers 14and lock washers 16, to be alternately stacked upon one another (seeFIG. 3a).

[0093] As shown in FIGS. 1-3 a, the exterior pivot surface 28 of themounting hub 18 is configured to nest on and to conform to the convexend of the pivot pin 12, thus permitting a wider range of motion, aspreviously described.

[0094] As best seen in FIG. 3a, the exterior pivot surface 28 is locatedcentrally with respect to the interior hub 22. Further, the interior hub22 is centrally located with respect to the mounting surface 24, suchthat the geometric center of the mounting hub 18 coincides with thecenter of rotation of the mounting hub 18 about the pivot pin 12.

[0095] The mounting hub 18 serves to engage and pivot about the pivotpin 12, thus permitting adjustment of the position of the mounting hub18 with respect to the pivot pin 12, as will be described later. Uponobtaining the desired position, the position of the mounting hub 18 canbe locked by use of the locking screw 20, as will also be described ingreater detail later.

[0096] The mounting hub 18 can be made of any suitable metal or plasticand formed by conventional machining or molding techniques.

[0097] As shown in FIG. 1, the system 10A also provides at least oneslip washer 14. The slip washer 14 is preferably a rigid annular ring ordoughnut-like member. As FIGS. 1 and 3a best show, the slip washer 14 isconfigured to conform to the bottom surface of the interior hub 22.

[0098] The center of the slip washer 14 serves to receive the lockingscrew 20. The center of the slip washer 14 is of a diameter onlyslightly larger than the outside diameter of the locking screw 20. Theslip washer 14 also serves to provide a frictional surface, which upontightening of the locking screw 20, serves to further secure themounting hub 18 in a desired position.

[0099] The slip washer 14 permits the lock washer 16 to slide across thesurface of the slip washer 14 (see FIGS. 5a and 5 b). The slip washer 14is similar in function yet physically different in top and bottomspherical radii from the lock washer 16.

[0100] As seen in FIG. 3b, additional washers 14 and 16 in the assemblywould also have different spherical radii, represented by R1-R5 in FIG.3b, as they are stacked further from the center of rotation or pivotpoint on the pivot pin 12. In a representative embodiment, R1 is 0.200,R2 is 0.250, R3 is 0.300, R4 is 0.350, and R5 is 0.400.

[0101] The radii of the washers 14 and 16 can be varied to accommodatethe thickness of the individual washers 14 and 16. Regardless of thethickness or radii of the washers 14 and 16, the washers 14 and 16 areconfigured to rotate about the same pivot point.

[0102] Desirably, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3a, a second slip washer14, similar in function but differing in spherical radii from the firstslip washer 14 is placed over the lock washer 16. As illustrated inFIGS. 5a and 5 b, the lock washer 16 is able to slide between the slipwashers 14.

[0103] In this arrangement, the second slip washer 14 provides anadditional frictional surface, which upon tightening of the lockingscrew 20, serves to further secure the desired position.

[0104] The slip washer(s) 14 can be made of any suitable metal orplastic and formed by conventional machining or molding techniques.

[0105] As also seen in FIG. 1, the system 10A further provides a lockwasher 16. The lock washer 16 is a rigid, annular ring or doughnut-likemember similar to the slip washer 14.

[0106] As FIGS. 1 and 3a best illustrate, the lock washer 16 isconfigured to conform to the surface of the slip washer 14. Thisarrangement permits the lock washer 16 to be stacked on top of the slipwasher 14.

[0107] As in the case of the slip washer 14, the center of the lockwasher 16 serves to receive the locking screw 20. The center of the lockwasher 16 is also sized larger than the center of the slip washer 14.That is, the center of the lock washer 16 not only serves to receive thelocking screw 20, but also permits the lock washer 16 to pivot about thepivot pin 12.

[0108] The lock washer 16 also provides two additional frictionalsurfaces when sandwiched between two slip washers 14, which upontightening of the locking screw 20, serve to further secure the desiredposition.

[0109] As also seen in FIGS. 1 and 3a, the lock washer 16 is of a largerdiameter than the slip washer 14. This arrangement allows the lockwasher 16 to fit over the slip washer 14. In a representativeembodiment, the lock washer 16 is sized to approximate or be slightlyless than the diameter of the interior hub 22, thereby providing asecure fit of the lock washer 16 within the interior hub 22 and allowingonly minimal translation in the x and y axes, yet not restricting z-axistranslation of the lock washer 16 within the interior hub 22 and withrespect to the axis of the pivot pin 12, as will later be described indetail.

[0110] This arrangement secures/couples the lock washer 16 to theinterior hub 22 and permits the lock washer 16 to slide with themounting hub 18 over the slip washer 14 (see, e.g., FIGS. 5a and 5 b).Thus, the lock washer 16 serves to provide an additional rotational androcking surface for the mounting hub 18.

[0111] Like the slip washer 14, the lock washer 16 can be made of anysuitable plastic or metal and formed by conventional molding ormachining techniques.

[0112] Desirably, as previously noted, a second slip washer 14 similarin function but differing in spherical radii from the first slip washer14 can be provided. In this arrangement, as seen in FIGS. 1 and 3a, thelock washer 16 also serves to receive the second slip washer 14. It willbe apparent that any number of slip washers 14 and lock washers 16 canbe similarly alternately stacked upon each other and thereby accommodatevariations in the depth of the interior hub 22.

[0113] As also shown in FIG. 1, the system 10A provides a locking screw20. The locking screw 20 is a screw that is adapted for passage throughthe mounting hub 18, the slip washer(s) 14, the lock washer(s) 16, andthe pivot pin 12 when the system is assembled (see FIG. 3a). In insidethe diameter of the slip washer 14 is sized to approximate or beslightly larger than the diameter of the locking screw 20. Thisarrangement secures/couples the slip washer 14 to the locking screw 20and the pivot pin 12.

[0114] As illustrated in FIG. 3a, the locking screw 20 is desirablythreaded to fit the threaded bore 26 of the pivot pin 12. As FIG. 5cillustrates, rotation (represented by arrow in FIG. 5c) of the screw 20,e.g., by an Allen wrench 30, advances the screw into the pivot pin 12 tofix the mounting hub 18 in a desired position. The locking screw 20 canbe made of any suitable plastic or metal and formed by conventionalmolding or machining techniques.

[0115] The locking screw 20, when not fully tightened, serves to holdthe assembly while the desired position is determined. Tightening of thelocking screw 20 compresses the washers 14 and 16, hub 18, and pin 12together, thereby creating multiple frictional forces between the matingsurfaces. These frictional forces and the compression of the screw 20are what limit movement in the locked position.

[0116] It will be apparent that the components just described can beused in any combination. For example, plastic slip washers 14 may bealternated with metal lock washers 16.

[0117] 2. Adjustment of the Orientation of the Mounting Hub

[0118] The system 10A as previously described enables the mounting hub18 to be oriented in a variety of directions with respect to the pivotpin 12. The types of movement, and thus the types of adjustmentspermitted, will now be discussed.

[0119] The system 10A permits movement of the mounting hub 18 in atleast three rotational directions.

[0120] First, as represented by arrows in FIGS. 4a-4 b, the mounting hub18 can be rocked or rotated, i.e., tilted, about the x-axis (i.e., sideto side rotation). This motion is permitted by the convex surfaces ofthe pivot pin 12, mounting hub 18, slip washer(s) 14, and lock washer(s)16.

[0121] Second, as represented arrows in FIGS. 4c-4 d, the mounting hub18 can be rocked or rotated, i.e., tilted, about the y-axis (i.e., frontto back rotation). This motion is permitted by the convex surfaces ofthe pivot pin 12, mounting hub 18, slip washer(s) 14, and lock washer(s)16.

[0122] Third, as represented by arrows in FIG. 4e, the mounting hub 18can be rotated 360.degree. in either a clockwise or counterclockwisedirection about the z-axis (i.e., axis of the pivot pin 12).

[0123] It is to be understood that the rotational and rocking movementspermit adjustment in virtually an infinite number of rotationaldirections.

[0124] B. System 2: Interior Hub Eccentrally Located with Respect toMounting Surface

[0125] 1. System Components

[0126]FIG. 6 shows the individual components of an alternative system10B providing an adjustable locking mount system. FIGS. 7 and 8illustrate the system 10B when assembled.

[0127] Like system 10A, the system 10B comprises a pivot pin 12, atleast one slip washer 14, at least one lock washer 16, a mounting hub18, and a locking screw 20.

[0128] Also like system 10A, the mounting hub 18 has an exterior pivotsurface 28 that is located centrally with respect to the interior hub22. In this embodiment, as FIGS. 6-8 best show, the interior hub 22 iseccentric with respect to the mounting surface 24, such that thegeometric center of the mounting hub 18 does not coincide with thecenter of rotation of the mounting hub 18 about the pivot pin 12. Theeccentric configuration permits a broader range of adjustment.

[0129] 2. Adjustment of the Orientation of the Mounting Hub

[0130] The system 10B as previously described enables the mounting hub18 to be oriented in a variety of directions with respect to the pivotpin 12. The types of movement, and thus the types of adjustmentspermitted, will now be discussed.

[0131] The system 10B permits movement of the mounting hub 18 in atleast five directions.

[0132] First, as represented by arrows in FIGS. 9a-9 b, the mounting hub18 can be rocked or rotated about the x-axis, as previously describedfor system 10A.

[0133] Second, as represented by arrows in FIGS. 9c-9 d, the mountinghub 18 can be rocked or rotated about the y-axis, as also previouslydescribed for system 10A.

[0134] Third, as represented by arrows in FIG. 9e, the mounting hub 18can be rotated up to 360.degrees in either direction about the z-axis,as previously described for system 10A.

[0135] As best illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8, when the mounting hub 18includes an interior hub 22 that is eccentric relative to the mountingsurface 24, the distance from the pivot pin 12 to the mounting surface24 increases to a maximum value, depicted as point A1 and then decreasesto a minimum value, depicted as point A2.

[0136] Reorientation or translation of the linear position of point A1and point A2 with respect to the pivot pin 12 is possible when themounting hub 18 is rotated about the z-axis.

[0137] Reorientation of points A1 and A2 with respect to the x-axisprovides a fourth degree of freedom. Similarly, reorientation of pointsA1 and A2 with respect to the y-axis provides a fifth degree of freedom.

[0138] It is to be understood that the rotational and rocking movementsjust described permit adjustment in virtually an infinite number ofdirections.

[0139] After the desired position is obtained, the locking screw 20 istightened to secure the mounting hub 18 in the desired position, aspreviously described for System 10A (see FIG. 5c).

[0140] In some instances, it may be desirable to limit the range ofmotion or degrees of freedom of the adjustable mount. Two additionalsystems (System 3 and System 4) that limit the range of motion of theadjustable mount will now be described.

[0141] C. System 3: 5-Washer System with Washers Engaged with the Huband Post to Restrict Rotation about the Z-Axis in the Locked Position.

[0142]FIG. 10 shows the individual components of an alternative system10C providing an adjustable locking mount system that restricts rotationabout the z-axis when locked. FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate the system 10Cwhen assembled.

[0143] The system 10C comprises a pivot pin 12, three slip washers 14,two lock washers 16, a mounting hub 18, and a fastener 21, e.g., a nut.While the illustrated embodiment depicts a five-washer system, a greateror lesser number of slip washers 14 and lock washers 16 can be provided,as previously described.

[0144] As best seen in FIG. 10, the outside surface of lock washer 16and the inside surface of the interior hub 22 of mounting hub 18 havemating surfaces. This arrangement essentially prevents any rotationbetween the lock washers 16 and the mounting hub 18.

[0145] Additionally, the pivot pin 12 has a post 35 protruding from thetop with an outer diameter shaped to mate with a similarly-shaped innerdiameter on the slip washers 14 to prevent rotation between the post 35and the slip washers 14.

[0146] For example, in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 10-12, theoutside surface of the lock washer, the inner surface of the interiorhub 22, and the post 35 have complementary hexagonal configurations.

[0147] This arrangement permits all degrees of freedom as previouslydescribed for systems 10A and 10B, but has additional restriction tomovement about the z-axis when in the locked position.

[0148] Tightening of the fastener 21 serves to secure the mounting hub18 in the desired position, as previously described for Systems 10A and10B.

[0149] D. System 4: Flat Washer System

[0150]FIG. 13 shows the individual components of an alternative system10D providing an adjustable locking mount system that providesrotational movement about the z-axis and linear movement along the x andy axes. FIGS. 14-15 illustrate the system 10D when assembled.

[0151] Similar to system 10C, the system 10D comprises a pivot pin 12,three slip washers 14, two lock washers 16, a mounting hub 18, and alocking screw 20. The invention also contemplates embodiments having agreater or lesser number of slip washers 14 and lock washers 16.

[0152] In this embodiment, the pivot pin 12, slip washers 14, lockwashers 16, and mounting hub 18 each have flat surfaces.

[0153] As represented by arrows in FIG. 16a, this arrangement permits360.degree. rotational movement in either a clockwise orcounterclockwise direction about the z-axis (i.e., axis of the pivot pin12).

[0154] As represented by arrows and phantom lines in FIG. 16b, themounting hub 18 can also be moved linearly along the x-axis (i.e., sideto side translation). The mounting hub 18 can also be moved linearlyalong the y-axis (i.e., front to back translation), as represented byarrows and phantom lines in FIG. 16c. However, because of the flatsurfaces of the pivot pin 12, mounting hub 18, slip washer(s) 14, andlock washer(s) 16, rotational ranges of motion along the x and y axesare essentially prevented.

[0155] As represented with the previous embodiments 10A-10C, tighteningthe screw 20 compresses the washers 14 and 16 together and multipliesthe frictional forces between surfaces to restrict motion between thehub 18 and the pivot pin 12.

[0156] II. Representative Use of System

[0157] A. Composite Mounting Assembly

[0158] The adjustable mount of any of the systems 10A-10D just describedcan be used alone as a single mount. Alternatively, multiple mounts canbe coupled together to form a composite mounting assembly. Further,mounts of different systems can be coupled together. For example, amount of the type of system 10A could be coupled to a mount or mounts ofthe type of system 10B. It is apparent that any number of mounts can becoupled together. Additionally, multiple mounts can be coupled by yetanother mount, as shown in FIGS. 32 and 33.

[0159]FIGS. 17a-17 d provide examples of three such composite mountingassemblies contemplated by the invention. In the illustratedembodiments, a series of multiple mounting frames 98 each house anadjustable mount having a mounting hub 18, as described for any of thesystems 10A-10D. The frames 98 are attached along an orientation axis,designated OA in FIGS. 17a-17 d. The orientation axis OA can be linear(see FIGS. 17a, 17 b, and 17 d) or curvilinear (see FIG. 17c).

[0160] As FIGS. 17a-17 d illustrate, adjacent frames 98 can be joined ina fixed relationship by various methods, e.g., fastener, weld, orspacing member. That is, the frames 98 can be coupled side-by-side or ina spaced-apart relationship. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 16a-16 c,a spaced-apart relationship is employed. Alternately, as seen in FIG.17d, a mounting hub 18 can be joined, either directly or through aspacing member, to an adjacent frame 98.

[0161] Each mounting hub 18 has a pivot axis, designated PA in FIGS.17a-17 d. The pivot axis PA can either extend generally along theorientation axis OA or be generally transverse to the orientation axisOA.

[0162]FIG. 17a illustrates an arrangement in which first and secondmounting hubs 18 a and 18 b have pivot axes PA generally transverse tothe orientation axis OA. In FIG. 17b, mounting hub 18 a has a pivot axisPA generally transverse to the orientation axis OA, while mounting hub18 b has a pivot axis PA that generally extends along the orientationaxis OA.

[0163]FIGS. 17c and 17 d show embodiments having first, second, andthird mounting hubs 18 a, 18 b, and 18 c. In the embodiments illustratedin FIGS. 17c and 17 d, mounting hubs 18 a and 18 b have pivot axes PAgenerally transverse to the orientation axis OA, while mounting hub 18 chas a pivot axis PA that generally extends along the orientation axisOA.

[0164]FIGS. 32 and 33 show an embodiment of a composite mountingassembly, generally referenced as 140, having first 130, second 131, andthird 132 mounting assemblies wherein the first and second assemblies,which are terminal assemblies, are connected by a third connectorassembly which is curviplanar in one dimension and platyplanar in thesecond. This configuration allows the two terminal assemblies to betranslated and rotated with respect to one another. Such a system can beused for a variety of purposes, including biomedical applications, suchas an orthopedic external fixation devices used to stabilize fractures.A biomedical external fixation device according to the presentinvention, an example of which is shown in FIGS. 32 and 33, isespecially suited for this purpose. The external fixation device forbiomedical applications includes a composite mounting assembly affixableat an exterior portion of a body for releasably securable mounting atleast two mounting assemblies, wherein at least one of the assembliesincludes a multi-laminae adjustable mount assembly. The multi-laminaeadjustable mount assembly includes at least two mounting components,each with a mounting area. The movement of each mounting componentconstrained by a respective series of stacked, compressible laminae. Theat least two compressor laminae are compressible in opposition by acompression device. The stacked laminae series are interleaved and thecompression device compresses the stacked, interleaved laminae, therebyproviding an adjustable mount assembly that has a high holding strengthper unit of compression pressure, high holding strength per unit of massand volume, low immobilization compression pressure, and causes nopermanent deformation of compressed components to achieve holdingstrength.

[0165] Such a device has greater static friction generated per unittorque than the possible errant torque applied, thereby allowing theassembly to be immobilized prior to the exertion of high torque, whichprevents slipping of the components relative to one another if thetorque applied is not applied in a balanced, symmetrical manner. Thischaracteristic of locking at low torque reduces the chances of thedevice alignment slipping during the locking process. Additionally, theability to achieve a high holding strength with lower torque allows thedevice to be locked into position without inadvertently displacing theentire device and potentially shifting the device and/or orthopedicpins.

[0166] Any of the systems 10A-10D are suitable for use in mounting anobject or device on another object, device, or structure. Anillustration of one such use will now be provided. It is to beunderstood that the following example is merely illustrative and thatfeatures of the invention can be employed in an infinite number ofcircumstances to mount a variety of objects and devices onto variousobjects, devices, and structures.

[0167] B. Mounting of an Object or Device

[0168] FIGS. 18-20 detail the use of an adjustable mount of the typedescribed for systems 10A-10D to mount a stereo speaker 36 on a wall 39.In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 18-20, the mount of system 10A isemployed.

[0169] As shown in FIG. 18, the system 10A is first fixed onto a wall 39using a mounting base 41. In this arrangement, the locking screw 20 istightened enough to secure the assembled system 10A, but loose enough topermit adjustment of the mounting hub 18. A mounting bracket 37 is thencoupled to the mounting hub 18.

[0170] Next, as seen in FIG. 19, the stereo speaker 36 is mounted ontothe mounting hub 18 using the mounting bracket 37.

[0171] Finally, the position of the speaker 36 is adjusted. The positionof the speaker 36 is adjusted by a combination of rotational and rockingmovement along the x, y, and z axes as permitted until the desiredposition is obtained, as illustrated by arrows and phantom lines in FIG.20.

[0172] This arrangement permits the position of the speaker 36 tosubsequently be selectively adjusted, i.e., does not secure or fix thespeaker 36 in a desired position.

[0173] In an alternate arrangement, the speaker 36 can be secured in adesired position. In this arrangement, the system 10A is first fixedonto a wall 39, as previously described (see FIG. 18). Then, theposition of the mounting hub 18 is adjusted until the desired positionis obtained (see, e.g., FIGS. 4a-4 e). Next, the desired position isfixed by tightening the locking screw 20 (see FIG. 5c). Finally, thespeaker 36 is mounted onto the mounting hub 18, as previously described(see FIG. 19).

[0174] This arrangement secures the speaker 36 in a fixed position,i.e., does not permit subsequent selective adjustment of the position ofthe speaker 36 without release of the locking screw.

[0175] In a similar manner, a composite mounting assembly can beemployed to mount a series of objects or devices, e.g., track lighting(not shown).

[0176] The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of theprinciples of the invention. Furthermore, since numerous modificationsand changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is notdesired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operationshown and described. While preferred embodiments have been described,the details may be changed without departing from the invention, whichis defined by the claims.

We claim:
 1. An external fixation device for biomedical applicationscomprising a composite mounting assembly affixable at an exteriorportion of a body for releasably securable mounting at least twomounting assemblies, wherein at least one of the assemblies includes amulti-laminae adjustable mount assembly, comprising: at least twomounting components; each with a mounting area; the movement of eachmounting component constrained by a respective series of stacked,compressible laminae; at least two compressor laminae compressible inopposition; and a compression device; wherein the stacked laminae seriesare interleaved and the compression device compresses the stacked,interleaved laminae.
 2. The external fixation device according to claim1, wherein two of the mounting assemblies are multi-laminae adjustablemount assemblies according to claim
 1. 3. The external fixation deviceaccording to claim 1, wherein at least two of the mounting assembliesare connected by a connector assembly according to claim
 1. 4. Theexternal fixation device according to claim 1, wherein at least two ofthe mounting assemblies are terminal assemblies according to claim 1,and the terminal assemblies are connected by a connector assemblyaccording to claim
 1. 5. The external fixation device according to claim1, wherein the adjustable mount system is affixed to at least oneorthopedic pin.
 6. The external fixation device as in claim 1 furtherincluding a guidance mechanism to maintain the alignment of the laminaeseries.
 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the guidance mechanism isincorporated into the laminae.
 8. The device of claim 8, wherein theincorporated guidance mechanism is a tongue-in-groove design.
 9. Thedevice of claim 1, wherein the laminae are structurally reinforced. 10.The device of claim 9, wherein the reinforcement is at least onelongitudinal fold.
 11. The external fixation device as in claim 1,wherein at least one mounting area is eccentric.
 12. The externalfixation device as in claim 1, wherein the laminae are platyplanar. 13.The external fixation device as in claim 12, wherein the laminae arerectangular.
 14. The external fixation device as in claim 12, whereinthe laminae are circular and provide rotational movement.
 15. Theexternal fixation device as in claim 1, wherein the laminae areplatyplanar in one dimension and curviplanar in the second dimension.16. The external fixation device of claim 1, wherein the laminae arecircular and curviplanar in two dimensions and allow rotation around thex-, y-, and z-axes when uncompressed.
 17. The external fixation deviceof claim 1, wherein complementary surfaces between the laminae andrespective mounting component are non-circular and the laminae arecurviplanar in two dimensions and allow rotation around the x-, y-, andz-axes when uncompressed.
 18. The external fixation device of claim 1,wherein the compression device is screw-based.
 19. The external fixationdevice of claim 18, wherein the compression device includes an internalconnector and the laminae include a hole permitting the connector topass.
 20. The external fixation device of claim 1, wherein thecompression device is pneumatic.
 21. The external fixation device ofclaim 1, wherein the compression device is a ratchet.
 22. The externalfixation device of claim 1, wherein the relative movement of the atleast two mounting components is allowed in at least one of the threeaxes of movement when the laminae series are uncompressed.
 23. Theexternal fixation device of claim 22, wherein the relative movement ofthe at least two mounting components is allowed in at least two of thethree axes of movement.
 24. The external fixation device of claim 22,wherein the relative movement of the at least two mounting components isallowed in all three axes of movement.
 25. The external fixation deviceas in claim 22, wherein at least one mounting area is eccentric.